1. 非谓语动词
3. 现在分词
   1. 含义
      1. 主动+进行
         1. 主动
            1. doing
            2. having done
         2. 被动
            1. being done
            2. The problem being discussed now has sth. to do with us. （now暗示正在进行）
            3. The building being built is our library.
            4. 正在进行
            5. having been done
            6. Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
            7. Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.
            8. 分词动作明显 先于谓语动作
         3. 否定形式
            1. not doing / not having done
         4. 独立主格
            1. Time permitting, I will finish another lesson.
   2. 句子成分
      1. 定
         1. 定语
            1. an inspiring speech
      2. 表
         1. 表语
            1. The dirty street is disgusting.
      3. 补
         1. 宾补
            1. 感官动词
            2. feel, find, hear, keep, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch
            3. 例
            4. I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感到风迎面吹来
            5. 使役动词
            6. have, leaves, keep, set
            7. 例
            8. He kept them working all day. 他让他们整天干活。
      4. 状
         1. 状语
            1. 原因
            2. Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.   =Since I don't know his address, I can't...
            3. 时间
            4. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. (＝When they heard the news, they ...)
            5. 条件
            6. Working hard, you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed)
            7. 让步
            8. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. (=Although they know all this ...)
            9. 伴随 方式
            10. I stood there, listening to the broadcast. (=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)
            11. 结果
            12. His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
      5. 不做主谓宾
4. 过去分词
   1. 含义
      1. 被动+完成
         1. done
            1. The problem discussed yesterday has sth. to do with us. （yesterday暗示已讨论完成）
            2. He is a teacher respected by all.
            3. 没有先后顺序
   2. 句子成分
      1. 定
         1. 定语
            1. the inspired audience
      2. 表
         1. 表语
            1. All the windows are broken. 相当于形容词
      3. 补
         1. 宾补
            1. I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
      4. 状
         1. 状语
            1. 原因
            2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. (=Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he...)
            3. 时间
            4. Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. (= When the city is seen from the tower ...)
            5. 条件
            6. Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. ( If these seeds are grown in rich soil，...)
            7. 让步
            8. Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. (= Even if he was laughed by many people ...)
            9. 伴随 方式
            10. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. (=The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by ...)
      5. 不做主谓宾
   3. 记忆口诀
      1. 分词作状语，主语是关键
         1. 逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。
      2. 主语找出后，再来判关系
         1. 主动用-ing，被动用-ed，
      3. Having done ，表先后
         1. 千万要牢记
5. 动名词
   1. 现在分词 VS 动名词
      1. a sleeping bag
         1. a bag used for sleeping
            1. 用途、功能
      2. a sleeping child
         1. a child who is sleeping
            1. 动作正在进行
6. 不定式
   1. 一般
      1. to be written
      2. to write
      3. 与谓语动词的动作同时发生 或之后发生（将来）
      4. We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。
      5. The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。
   2. 进行
      1. /
      2. to be writing
      3. 动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生
      4. The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。
   3. 完成
      1. to have been written
      2. to have written
      3. 动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前
      4. I happened to have seen the film. 我碰巧看过这部电影。
7. 制图 | Cinderella 2023.7.16